Physical Address (MAC Address) - Local Scope -
Its like saying I live at home
Logical Address (IP Address) - IPv4 and IPv6
Its like saying I live at 155, Colonel Colony
IPv4 is 32 bit (4 Octet) Logical Address
0 to 255 , 4 Octets
IPv4 has 5 Classes Adresses
Class A - N H H H (1st Octet - reserved for Network ID)
Class B - N N H H (First Two Octets - reserved for Network ID)
Class C - N N N H (First Three Octets - reserved for Network ID)
Class D - Networking
Class E - Research
Network ID
Loopback Address
Network Id -
Multicast Address
| Class | Address range |
|---|
| Class A | 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 |
| Class B | 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 |
| Class C | 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 |
| Class D | 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 |
176.10.0.0 - Purchased This Network ID
This is class B
Network ID - 176.10.0.0
Host Part - Give it 255 - It becomes Broadcast ID
Broadcast ID - 176.10.255.255
No.of Usable IP Addresses
256*256 = 65536 - 2 = Usable ID 65534
2 IP Address deducted for - Network Id and Broadcast ID
Efficiently using IP Address - Use Subnetting
or Use IPv6
Subnetting - Logical Division of Network
Router Has Multiple Interfaces
Router is not a "Networking device" - its a "Inter-Networking" Device
Class A - Wastes Host Part 256*256*256 = 16777216 -2 = 16777214
How do we solve it ?
Use Subnets ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ISu9f8ofZk
CIDR Notation means Network Ratio
Class A 1 to 126 - N H H H
Class B 128 to 191 - N N H H
Class C 192 to 223 - N N N H
Class A /8
Class B/16
Class C/24
Private Addresses
A - 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 - 10.x.x.x - 1 Network
B - 172.16.0.0 - 172.31. 255.255 - 172.16.x.x -> 172.31.x.x -16 Networks
C - 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 - 192.168.x.x 255 Networks
2 Different IP Addresses : Public and Private
~4 Billion Public IP Addresses
Router can act as switch - No Internet Connection necessary
IANA - Private IP Address
Not Routable
Not Connected to Internet
NAT - Network Address Translation
IPv4 + NAT
NAT Converts Private to Public & Public to Private
Ipv6 does not need Private Address and NAT
IPv6 - Every Single Device will have its own
340 Undecillion Ip Address
340 -- 36 Digits after it
CIDR - Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Number of Network Bits
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.240
Default Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
255.255.255. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128+64+32+16 = 240
No Of N/w = 2 ^ Bits borrowed from host (28-24 =4)
2^4 = 16 networks
No of Hosts = 2^4 = 16 -2 = 14 ( 2 Reserved for Network Address/Broadcast Address)
16 * 16 = 16 different Subnets(Networks) of 14 Host each
